Question 1
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are a member of a local environmental organization. Six months ago, the organization introduced new actions to reduce water usage in the community, and the board of the organization wants to know how successful these have been so far. Write a text in which you explain the actions taken, evaluate their effectiveness, and suggest the next steps.
| Letter | Report | Social media posting |
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Question 2
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are concerned that too many people are buying pets these days without understanding the responsibilities involved. You want to share your thoughts about this issue with other animal lovers. Write a text in which you reflect on why this is happening, explain the problems this can lead to, and what one should consider before keeping a pet.
| Blog | News report | Opinion column |
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Question 3
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
Starting next month, your local council will introduce a law banning the use of all disposable plastic in your city. You want to help other students at your school prepare for this change. Write a text in which you explain why the law is being introduced, how the law will affect young people’s day-to-day experience, and what you can all do to prepare for this change.
| Guildlines | Review | Speech |
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Question 4
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
A building of great cultural significance has fallen into a state of neglect. The local council is now proposing to demolish it and replace it with a public park. You want to stop the council from going ahead with this plan. Write a text in which you explain why you oppose the demolition, suggest an alternative use for the building, and justify why your suggestion would be more useful for the community.
| | Letter to the Editor | Set of guidelines |
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Question 5
4 Ways to Spot Greenwashing
Finding the truth behind labels on your favorite beauty product or health food isn’t always easy. Now that the marketplace is seeing more environmentally-friendly products, companies are using just about every expression possible to convince consumers to buy their products. “Greenwashing” is a term that’s used to describe when companies use misleading marketing terms to persuade potential customers that their products are safer, or more natural than they really are. But, how can you spot it?
[ – 3 – ]
Avoid buying products that have a strong scent and list “fragrance” on the ingredient list. Fragrances are protected by trade secrets and can contain hundreds of chemicals. Any company which doesn’t fully disclose the contents of their fragrances should not label their products as “natural”, or “organic”. Please note that companies can use essential oils to scent their products, but they should label them accordingly.
[ – 4 – ]
Double-check the ingredient list of products to confirm how much of the product is actually organic. Since organic foods are healthier, many people assume that all organic products are healthier, but that’s not always the case. Beauty products may use certified organic raw ingredients (like coconut oil), but the rest of the ingredient list could be full of artificial chemicals.
[ – 5 – ]
How green can your company really be if the carbon footprint of each product is excessive? Case in point, one company I love makes plant-based protein. Their veggie burger looks delicious but is packed in excessive plastic, paper and cardboard. Being “green” isn’t just about what’s inside the box, it’s also about how the product is stored and shipped.
[ – 6 – ]
For beauty products, check to see how they rate on the handy Skin Deep database created by the Environmental Working Group. This scores common beauty products, helping consumers to effortlessly navigate a complicated marketplace and understand what is safe and what is not. You’ll notice several brands that are marketing themselves as “natural” have items that rank 7–10 on the hazard scale. I aim only to buy those that score 3 or less.
I hope these simple tips help you. Feel free to ask me questions if you’re particularly stumped, and always hold companies accountable for truth and transparency in their labeling.
Question
Answer the following questions.
1. According to the writer, what trend has caused companies to turn to greenwashing?
2. Which phrase in paragraph 1 suggests that companies distort the truth about their products?
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 3. [ – 3 – ] | A. Excessive Packaging B. Fake Organic Products C. Organic Marketing Claims D. Follow Your Nose E. Misleading Ratings F. Trust the Research Findings G. Unlicensed Ingredients H. Unnecessary Transportation |
| 4. [ – 4 – ] | |
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] |
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 2–4.
7. Treat with great caution any company that…
8. According to the writer, it is a mistake to think that…
9. A truly “green” product is more than…
10. Choose the three true statements.
A. The Skin Deep database shows consumers which natural ingredients are used in beauty products.
B. The writer thinks the database is easy for consumers to use.
C. The database shows which stores sell the best products.
D. Most beauty products aim to achieve a score higher than 7 on the database.
E. A number of brands are selling products classified as unsafe.
F. The writer will help consumers if they have more questions about greenwashing.
Easy
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Question 6
Why Kids Need to Spend Time in Nature
As the suburbs continue to expand, nature is parcelled off more, and kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard, let alone jump the fence into a neighbor’s yard or walk in the woods. Moreover, for kids who are growing up with multiplayer video games and social media accounts, indoor activities can seem more sociable and even safer.
Most studies agree that kids who play outside are happier and more attentive. They appear less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how mood improvements occur, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good for your kids’ minds.
It improves personal decision-making
The way that kids play outdoors has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play. There are infinite ways to interact with nature and letting your child choose how they treat nature means they have the power to control their own actions.
It stimulates creativity
This unstructured style of play will soon have kids responding to their surroundings. They will be able to use their imagination, improvise their own activities, and approach the world in more inventive ways.
It teaches responsible behaviour
Living things die if mistreated or not taken care of properly and entrusting a child to take care of the living parts of the environment means they’ll learn what happens when they forget to water a plant or pull a flower out by its roots.
[ – 5 – ]
Nature may seem less inspiring than your child’s violent video game, but in reality, it activates more senses—they can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments. As the young spend less and less of their lives in natural surroundings, their senses narrow, and this reduces the richness of human experience.
[ – 6 – ]
Most ways of interacting with nature involve more exercise than sitting on the couch. Your kid doesn’t have to be joining the local soccer team or riding a bike through the park—even going for a walk will get their blood pumping.
[ – 7 – ]
Nature creates a unique sense of wonder for kids that no other environment can provide. The phenomena that occur naturally in backyards and parks every day make kids ask questions.
[ – 8 – ]
In natural environments, we practice an effortless type of attention known as “soft fascination” that creates feelings of pleasure and peacefulness, not tiredness and boredom.
So, while screen time might be the easier, more popular choice for your children, it’s important to set aside time for outdoor play
Question
1. Choose the four true statements.
A. The selling of land close to cities is now subject to greater regulation.
B. Nowadays, yards and woods have lost their appeal to children.
C. Children are more likely to spend time in a yard than in the woods.
D. Most researchers dispute the link between happiness and playing outdoors.
E. Research suggests that children who play outdoors have fewer personal insecurities.
F. There is no longer any doubt as to why nature makes children feel better.
G. When children play outside, they are less constrained by a set of rules.
H. Parents should still be in control when their children play outdoors.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 3–5.
2. Once out of the home, a child has many…
3. Outdoors, children play more creatively and, therefore, can use their environment…
4. Children soon learn that plants and animals cannot survive…
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | A. It presents new possibilities B. It aids wellbeing C. It stimulates spontaneity D. It generates curiosity E. It teaches self-discipline F. It builds confidence G. It replaces indifference with serenity H. It gives a sense of security |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] | |
| 7. [ – 7 – ] | |
| 8. [ – 8 – ] |
Choose the correct answer.
9. The writer concludes by saying that…
A. children should not spend time in front of screens.
B. children should look after the natural world better than at present.
C. children should spend equal amounts of time outside and online.
D. children should spend some of their free time outside the house
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Question 7
Generation Z not ready to eat lab-grown meat: study
People born between 1995 and 2015 now number two billion globally and scientists say that these Generation Z consumers are a force to be reckoned with.
Consequently, researchers questioned 227 randomly selected people born between 1995 and 2015. The respondents were asked questions about their demographics, dietary preferences (such as how often they liked to eat meat), and how they felt about cultured meat. They were also asked whether they thought it was necessary to accept and consume different meat alternatives (such as insects, plantbased and cultured meat).
They discovered that 72% of respondents were not yet ready to consume cultured meat, defined in the survey as a labgrown meat alternative made from animal cells, instead of slaughtered animals.
However, despite their lack of enthusiasm for the new meat alternative, 41% believed it could be a viable nutritional source because of the need to transition to more sustainable food options and improve animal welfare.
59% of participants were concerned about the environmental impact of traditional livestock farming; however they were not clear what specific effects it was having.
The researchers noted that some respondents viewed cultured meat as a conspiracy orchestrated by the rich and powerful and they were determined not to be deceived by it.
Several participants were also unsure whether cultured meat was truly a long-term environmentally-friendly option.
In summary, it was found that the respondents were effectively divided into two groups: the “against” described cultured meat as “another thing our generation has to worry about” while supporters described it as “money invested for a good cause” by people who are “advanced thinkers”.
What’s your beef? Generation Z’s attitudes towards cultured meat
Question
The following statements are either true or false. Tick the correct option, then justify it using words as they appear in the text.
1. Researchers believe that Generation Z has great economic importance.
True
False
Justification:
2. A specific group of Generation Z consumers took part in the survey.
True
False
Justification:
3. The people surveyed were asked about their backgrounds.
True
False
Justification:
4. Only a minority would be willing to eat laboratory-produced meat at present.
True
False
Justification:
Choose the correct answer.
5. Just under half of those questioned agreed that the important next step is to…
A. make animal rights and welfare the top priority.
B. make changes to the types of food we consume.
C. continue to examine the nutritional value of meat.
D. continue to look into producing meat substitutes.
6. Just over half of participants wondered whether traditional meat production might be…
A. damaging to the wellbeing of the animals.
B. replaced by new farming methods very soon.
C. having some sort of effect on the environment.
D. a more sustainable option than cultured meat.
To whom or to what do the underlined words refer? Answer using words as they appear in the text.
7. They discovered that… (paragraph 3)
8. …despite their lack of enthusiasm… (paragraph 4)
9. …believed it could be… (paragraph 4)
10. …they were determined… (paragraph 6)
Choose the appropriate words from the list that complete each gap in the following text.
According to the research, 17% of participants stated that they would consume only [ – 11 – ]. 11% of participants were in favour of rejecting all possible varieties of [ – 12 – ]. On the other hand, 35% of those questioned would eat [ – 13 – ] because they were more natural. Another 28% said they might eat [ – 14 – ] depending on whether it was produced in a way that was acceptable to them.
| 11. [ – 11 – ] | A. products containing chemicals B. heavily processed meat C. artificial meat D. meat products E. traditionally farmed meat F. fruits and vegetables G. insect-based products H. plant-based substitutes |
| 12. [ – 12 – ] | |
| 13. [ – 13 – ] | |
| 14. [ – 14 – ] |
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Question 8
Microchips and drones: Kenyan conservationists’ high-tech fight against poachers
Kenyan wildlife officials are planning to implant microchips into the horns of every rhino in the country in order to combat poaching. It’s hoped that the chips will not only allow the rhinos to be more effectively monitored, but that the ability to track horns individually will help crack down on illegal smuggling and provide evidence for prosecutors. “With poachers getting more sophisticated in their approach it is vital that conservation efforts embrace the use of more sophisticated technology to counter the killing of wildlife”, said the Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS).
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has donated chips and five scanners for the project at a cost of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings, but tracking and fitting the devices in the country’s 1,000 plus rhino population will cost much more than this.
Poaching in Kenya has increased significantly in recent years, with hunters targeting elephants as well as rhinos. Since the beginning of 2013 poachers have killed 34 rhinos, a 17 per cent increase from the whole of 2012 and in August this year a rhino was even killed in Nairobi’s national park, one of the most guarded sites in the country.
The demand for rhino horns comes mainly from other countries where people believe the horn to be an effective medicine. Rhino horns are made from keratin, the same material as human fingernails and hair, and although the animals can survive having their horn chopped off, poachers often kill them to make the collection of the horn easier. The KWS has said that the project’s success would not only safeguard Kenya’s rhino population but help combat the groups of organized criminals that profit from the illegal trade and secure Kenya’s economically vital tourism industry.
Other high-tech conservation efforts in Kenya include a project launched last year by Google and the WWF using drones to track endangered species including rhinos and elephants. A $5 million grant from Google’s Global Impact Award program is funding the operation, with conservationists controlling autonomous aircraft with tablet computers. Although the drones’ intended use was to provide aerial coverage, it’s been reported that they have a secondary use in herding elephants away from danger—be that poachers or areas where conflict with humans is possible. Wildlife researchers believe that the elephants confuse the buzzing noise produced by the drones for a swarm of bees, and run away whenever they hear the devices approaching.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. In Kenya…
A. all rhinos have been implanted with microchips.
B. prosecutors have tracked rhino horn smugglers.
C. conservationists are encouraged to adopt new technologies.
D. poachers are not developing their hunting techniques.
2. The role of The World Wildlife Fund is to…
A. track the whole rhino population of Kenya.
B. make a donation of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings.
C. provide the technology for tracking rhinos.
D. donate enough money to microchip all rhinos.
3. Choose the three true statements.
A. Illegal hunting has been rising dramatically.
B. Rhino numbers rose by 17% between 2012 and 2013.
C. Despite security, poachers are operating in national parks.
D. Most of the poached rhino horns are sent abroad.
E. Rhinos die if their horns are removed.
F. Many poachers kill rhinos after their horns are removed.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraph 4.
4. The search for effective medicine explains…
5. Combatting organized crime will protect tourism and…
6. One motive of poachers is to…
Choose the appropriate word from the list that completes each gap in the following text.
The article discusses a high-tech project involving drones to [ – 7 – ] animals at risk. The drones can take photographs from the air, but they can also [ – 8 – ] elephants away from dangerous areas. Researchers think that the elephants [ – 9 – ] the sound made by the drones for a swarm of insects, and [ – 10 – ] whenever they hear the machines arrive.
| [ – 7 – ] | A. flee B. feed C. mistake D. fight E. chase F. transport G. fear H. monitor |
| [ – 8 – ] | |
| [ – 9 – ] | |
| [ – 10 – ] |
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Question 9
Be our guest: Welcome to London’s greenest hotel
The opening of The Corner London City in Aldgate last autumn brought something different to this part of east London. Formerly the Qbic, transformed from a derelict office block into an eco-minded hotel, the rebrand brings changes, both architectural—knocking down walls to create an open-plan space— and sustainable, with multiple measures taken to give the hotel an even greener lease of life. I’m keen to learn how green a 183-room urban hotel can really be.
The hotel’s greenery is in good hands. French manager Mohamed Mezaga is passionate about plants. He’s so green-fingered, the hotel’s gardener even turns to him for tips, he adds with a smile. He explains how he takes cuttings from existing plants to add to the growing collection. Some guests ask to take the plants from their room home or even bring in their own, less-pampered versions for the hotel to tend. Mohamed plans to install beehives on the rooftop, with 250 plants and flowers for the bees to feed on, so expect sweet, home-harvested honey on future menus and in cocktails.
The hotel’s dazzling eco achievements are colourfully illustrated on a wall near the lift. The Corner produces 67 per cent fewer CO2 emissions than the UK industry average, thanks to sensor LED lighting and 40 solar panels tucked up on the roof. Not only that, but they use 41 per cent less water due to airdrop shower heads, which mix air with water to reduce consumption by 25 per cent, plus water filtration, among other measures. They’re currently awaiting confirmation of B Corp status, a stringent certification that measures a company’s social and environmental performance.
What’s also different here from any other hotel I have stayed in is that everyone multitasks. It’s part of the hotel’s ethos, meaning increased skill sets for all and includes English lessons for foreign-born cleaners, on the house. As a guest, it feels homely to have the same person who checked you in bringing you your dinner.
Each room is different, but all share a similar theme: locally sourced fixtures and fittings and ingenious sleeping/bathing pods that take a nifty, time-saving six hours to assemble. Much of the furniture is made by Dutch designer Sander Bokkinga, who uses reclaimed wood for clothes stands and old hosepipes twisted into funky lamps. So far, so good for the planet. Thirsty? There are glass bottles of filtered water. There’s also a recycling bin—all plastic, paper and glass is recycled—and organic toiletries in reusable containers. And, of course, plenty of plants. The effect is relaxing, energizing and impressive. It silently raises the question: why aren’t all hotels trying this hard? Whichever room type you stay in, choose not to get it cleaned and you’ll be handed a £5 voucher for a drink at the bar. If that’s not an incentive to be eco-friendly, I don’t know what is.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. What does the text tell us about the hotel building?
A. It is in a rural location.
B. It is unlike other local buildings.
C. It has been painted green.
D. It has office space within it.
Find the word or phrase in paragraph 1 which means the following:
2. previously
3. abandoned
4. structural
5. city
Answer the following questions.
6. Who does the gardener ask for advice?
7. How does the manager increase the greenery in the hotel?
8. Who asks the hotel to care for their neglected plants?
9. What special ingredient could soon be produced on the roof?
10. Choose the four true statements.
A. To reduce power consumption, the hotel does not have lifts.
B. The lights in the hotel only come on when needed.
C. The hotel has already obtained a B Corp certificate.
D. Hotel staff learn to adapt to many different roles.
E. Cleaners must pay for their English tuition.
F. Guest rooms at the hotel are built very quickly.
G. The hotel furniture is created by various local designers.
H. The hotel offers bottled water to its guests.
Choose the correct answer.
11. What does the writer think of this new type of hotel?
A. It should not need to be certified.
B. More hotels should follow its example.
C. It is very similar to another eco-friendly chain.
D. Receptionists should not be serving food.
12. Overall, the writer feels that more hotels should…
A. reduce their carbon footprint.
B. use designer furniture.
C. offer free drinks at the bar.
D. repurpose abandoned buildings
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Question 1
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are a member of a local environmental organization. Six months ago, the organization introduced new actions to reduce water usage in the community, and the board of the organization wants to know how successful these have been so far. Write a text in which you explain the actions taken, evaluate their effectiveness, and suggest the next steps.
| Letter | Report | Social media posting |
Answer keys:
| Text type & Its convention | Rationale | |
| Appropriate | Report
| This text type is suitable for reflecting on a course of action in a formal way, with compartmentalized information. |
| Generally appropriate | Letter
| This text type is suitable for communicating a specific matter to a specified audience. This choice may be considered ‘appropriate’ if the response covers all three elements and is clearly addressing the organisation. |
| Generally inappropriate | Social media posting
| This text type is typically used for sharing your views in an informal way. This choice may be considered ‘generally appropriate’ if they post about all three elements in the sense of sharing with the local community their latest news on reduction of water usage. |
Sample answer (detailed outline):
| Title |
|
| Introduction |
|
| Body 1 | Main point 1: Actions taken to reduce the water usage (Briefly summarize the primary water conservation actions implemented.)
|
| Body 2 | Main point 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of the actions
|
| Body 3 | Main point 3: The next steps
|
| Conclusion |
|
Question 2
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are concerned that too many people are buying pets these days without understanding the responsibilities involved. You want to share your thoughts about this issue with other animal lovers. Write a text in which you reflect on why this is happening, explain the problems this can lead to, and what one should consider before keeping a pet.
| Blog | News report | Opinion column |
Answer keys:
| Text type & Its convention | Rationale | |
| Appropriate | Blog
| This text type is suitable for addressing a specific audience (students from your school) about a shared issue. It is suitable for persuading listeners to take a common course of action. |
| Generally appropriate | Opinion column
| The text type is suitable for sharing ideas, opinions, and insights, often based on an anecdote or observation. However, the audience is typically the general public. If the response makes clear that the text addresses other animal lovers, then it may be considered appropriate. |
| Generally inappropriate | News report
| The text type is primarily used for the purpose of describing the details of an incident objectively, without any personal insights. If the context of the news report is made clear (e.g., one written in the yellow press where the voice of a youth is reported and is addressed to youths), then it may be considered ‘generally appropriate’. |
Sample answer (detailed outline):
| Title |
|
| Introduction |
|
| Body 1 | Main point 1: Why are so many people getting pets?
|
| Body 2 | Main point 2: The problems this can lead to
|
| Body 3 | Main point 3: What to consider
|
| Conclusion |
|
Question 3
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
Starting next month, your local council will introduce a law banning the use of all disposable plastic in your city. You want to help other students at your school prepare for this change. Write a text in which you explain why the law is being introduced, how the law will affect young people’s day-to-day experience, and what you can all do to prepare for this change.
| Guildlines | Review | Speech |
Answer keys:
| Text type & Its convention | Rationale | |
| Appropriate | Speech
| The text type is suited for providing important information to a large, specified audience within a school context. |
| Generally appropriate | Guidelines
| The text type is suited for providing practical information to a large audience, but it is less immediate or targeted than the speech. The choice may be considered “appropriate” if the response makes clear that the guidelines are produced for other students at the school. |
| Generally inappropriate | Review
| The text type is typically used for a critical appraisal of a product or event. It is not usually used to provide practical information or guidance. The choice may be considered “generally appropriate” if the response makes clear that this is the review of a text the student read, viewed, or heard, e.g. video, radio broadcast, etc, and that the review will be published in the school magazine. |
Sample answer (detailed outline):
| Introduction |
|
| Body 1 | Main point 1: Why the law is being introduced
|
| Body 2 | Main point 2: Impact on young people’s day-to-day experience
|
| Body 3 | Main point 3: How students can prepare
|
| Conclusion |
|
Question 4
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
A building of great cultural significance has fallen into a state of neglect. The local council is now proposing to demolish it and replace it with a public park. You want to stop the council from going ahead with this plan. Write a text in which you explain why you oppose the demolition, suggest an alternative use for the building, and justify why your suggestion would be more useful for the community.
| | Letter to the Editor | Set of guidelines |
Answer keys:
| Text type & Its convention | Rationale | |
| Appropriate |
| The text type is appropriate for a professional communication to a local government body. It would allow the writer to develop a clearly supported and justified argument. |
| Generally appropriate | Letter to the editor
| This text type is suitable for expressing a clearly developed and justified argument, but it is usually designed to reach a wide audience. The choice may be considered “appropriate” if the response makes clear that they are indirectly addressing the local council. |
| Generally inappropriate | Set of guidelines
| This text type is typically used to give instructions. It is not usually used to persuade local councils. |
Sample answer (detailed outline):
| Title |
|
| Introduction |
|
| Body 1 | Main point 1: Opposition to demolition by emphasising cultural significance and broader reasons.
|
| Body 2 | Main point 2: Suggestion of alternative use
|
| Body 3 | Main point 3: Justification of alternative use
|
| Conclusion |
|
Question 5
4 Ways to Spot Greenwashing
Finding the truth behind labels on your favorite beauty product or health food isn’t always easy. Now that the marketplace is seeing more environmentally-friendly products, companies are using just about every expression possible to convince consumers to buy their products. “Greenwashing” is a term that’s used to describe when companies use misleading marketing terms to persuade potential customers that their products are safer, or more natural than they really are. But, how can you spot it?
[ – 3 – ]
Avoid buying products that have a strong scent and list “fragrance” on the ingredient list. Fragrances are protected by trade secrets and can contain hundreds of chemicals. Any company which doesn’t fully disclose the contents of their fragrances should not label their products as “natural”, or “organic”. Please note that companies can use essential oils to scent their products, but they should label them accordingly.
[ – 4 – ]
Double-check the ingredient list of products to confirm how much of the product is actually organic. Since organic foods are healthier, many people assume that all organic products are healthier, but that’s not always the case. Beauty products may use certified organic raw ingredients (like coconut oil), but the rest of the ingredient list could be full of artificial chemicals.
[ – 5 – ]
How green can your company really be if the carbon footprint of each product is excessive? Case in point, one company I love makes plant-based protein. Their veggie burger looks delicious but is packed in excessive plastic, paper and cardboard. Being “green” isn’t just about what’s inside the box, it’s also about how the product is stored and shipped.
[ – 6 – ]
For beauty products, check to see how they rate on the handy Skin Deep database created by the Environmental Working Group. This scores common beauty products, helping consumers to effortlessly navigate a complicated marketplace and understand what is safe and what is not. You’ll notice several brands that are marketing themselves as “natural” have items that rank 7–10 on the hazard scale. I aim only to buy those that score 3 or less.
I hope these simple tips help you. Feel free to ask me questions if you’re particularly stumped, and always hold companies accountable for truth and transparency in their labeling.
Question
Answer the following questions.
1. According to the writer, what trend has caused companies to turn to greenwashing?
2. Which phrase in paragraph 1 suggests that companies distort the truth about their products?
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 3. [ – 3 – ] | A. Excessive Packaging B. Fake Organic Products C. Organic Marketing Claims D. Follow Your Nose E. Misleading Ratings F. Trust the Research Findings G. Unlicensed Ingredients H. Unnecessary Transportation |
| 4. [ – 4 – ] | |
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] |
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 2–4.
7. Treat with great caution any company that…
8. According to the writer, it is a mistake to think that…
9. A truly “green” product is more than…
10. Choose the three true statements.
A. The Skin Deep database shows consumers which natural ingredients are used in beauty products.
B. The writer thinks the database is easy for consumers to use.
C. The database shows which stores sell the best products.
D. Most beauty products aim to achieve a score higher than 7 on the database.
E. A number of brands are selling products classified as unsafe.
F. The writer will help consumers if they have more questions about greenwashing.
Answer
1. Target answer: (the marketplace is seeing) more environmentally-friendly products
Accept: Other wording with the same meaning.
Do not accept: “environmentally-friendly products” without “more”
2. Target answer: (when companies use) misleading marketing (terms)
Do not accept: Greenwashing
3. D. Follow Your Nose
4. C. Organic Marketing Claims
5. A. Excessive Packaging
6. F. Trust the Research Findings
7. Target answer: doesn’t fully disclose the contents of their fragrances
8. Target answer: all organic products are healthier
9. Target answer: (just about) what’s inside the box
Accept: (just about) what’s inside the box, it’s also about how the product is stored and shipped.
10. B, E, F (in any order)
B. The writer thinks the database is easy for consumers to use.
E. A number of brands are selling products classified as unsafe.
F. The writer will help consumers if they have more questions.
Why other options are incorrect:
Question 6
Why Kids Need to Spend Time in Nature
As the suburbs continue to expand, nature is parcelled off more, and kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard, let alone jump the fence into a neighbor’s yard or walk in the woods. Moreover, for kids who are growing up with multiplayer video games and social media accounts, indoor activities can seem more sociable and even safer.
Most studies agree that kids who play outside are happier and more attentive. They appear less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how mood improvements occur, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good for your kids’ minds.
It improves personal decision-making
The way that kids play outdoors has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play. There are infinite ways to interact with nature and letting your child choose how they treat nature means they have the power to control their own actions.
It stimulates creativity
This unstructured style of play will soon have kids responding to their surroundings. They will be able to use their imagination, improvise their own activities, and approach the world in more inventive ways.
It teaches responsible behaviour
Living things die if mistreated or not taken care of properly and entrusting a child to take care of the living parts of the environment means they’ll learn what happens when they forget to water a plant or pull a flower out by its roots.
[ – 5 – ]
Nature may seem less inspiring than your child’s violent video game, but in reality, it activates more senses—they can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments. As the young spend less and less of their lives in natural surroundings, their senses narrow, and this reduces the richness of human experience.
[ – 6 – ]
Most ways of interacting with nature involve more exercise than sitting on the couch. Your kid doesn’t have to be joining the local soccer team or riding a bike through the park—even going for a walk will get their blood pumping.
[ – 7 – ]
Nature creates a unique sense of wonder for kids that no other environment can provide. The phenomena that occur naturally in backyards and parks every day make kids ask questions.
[ – 8 – ]
In natural environments, we practice an effortless type of attention known as “soft fascination” that creates feelings of pleasure and peacefulness, not tiredness and boredom.
So, while screen time might be the easier, more popular choice for your children, it’s important to set aside time for outdoor play
Question
1. Choose the four true statements.
A. The selling of land close to cities is now subject to greater regulation.
B. Nowadays, yards and woods have lost their appeal to children.
C. Children are more likely to spend time in a yard than in the woods.
D. Most researchers dispute the link between happiness and playing outdoors.
E. Research suggests that children who play outdoors have fewer personal insecurities.
F. There is no longer any doubt as to why nature makes children feel better.
G. When children play outside, they are less constrained by a set of rules.
H. Parents should still be in control when their children play outdoors.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 3–5.
2. Once out of the home, a child has many…
3. Outdoors, children play more creatively and, therefore, can use their environment…
4. Children soon learn that plants and animals cannot survive…
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | A. It presents new possibilities B. It aids wellbeing C. It stimulates spontaneity D. It generates curiosity E. It teaches self-discipline F. It builds confidence G. It replaces indifference with serenity H. It gives a sense of security |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] | |
| 7. [ – 7 – ] | |
| 8. [ – 8 – ] |
Choose the correct answer.
9. The writer concludes by saying that…
A. children should not spend time in front of screens.
B. children should look after the natural world better than at present.
C. children should spend equal amounts of time outside and online.
D. children should spend some of their free time outside the house
Answer
1. B, C, E, G (in any order)
B. Nowadays, yards and woods have lost their appeal to children.
C. Children are more likely to spend time in a yard than in the woods.
E. Research suggests that children who play outdoors have fewer personal insecurities.
G. When children play outside, they are less constrained by a set of rules.
Why others are incorrect:
2. Target answer: ways to interact with nature
3. Target answer: in more inventive ways
4. Target answer: if mistreated (or not taken care of properly)
5. A. It presents new possibilities
6. B. It aids wellbeing
7. D. It generates curiosity
8. G. It replaces indifference with serenity
9. D. children should spend some of their free time outside the house
Why other options are wrong:
Question 7
Generation Z not ready to eat lab-grown meat: study
People born between 1995 and 2015 now number two billion globally and scientists say that these Generation Z consumers are a force to be reckoned with.
Consequently, researchers questioned 227 randomly selected people born between 1995 and 2015. The respondents were asked questions about their demographics, dietary preferences (such as how often they liked to eat meat), and how they felt about cultured meat. They were also asked whether they thought it was necessary to accept and consume different meat alternatives (such as insects, plantbased and cultured meat).
They discovered that 72% of respondents were not yet ready to consume cultured meat, defined in the survey as a labgrown meat alternative made from animal cells, instead of slaughtered animals.
However, despite their lack of enthusiasm for the new meat alternative, 41% believed it could be a viable nutritional source because of the need to transition to more sustainable food options and improve animal welfare.
59% of participants were concerned about the environmental impact of traditional livestock farming; however they were not clear what specific effects it was having.
The researchers noted that some respondents viewed cultured meat as a conspiracy orchestrated by the rich and powerful and they were determined not to be deceived by it.
Several participants were also unsure whether cultured meat was truly a long-term environmentally-friendly option.
In summary, it was found that the respondents were effectively divided into two groups: the “against” described cultured meat as “another thing our generation has to worry about” while supporters described it as “money invested for a good cause” by people who are “advanced thinkers”.
What’s your beef? Generation Z’s attitudes towards cultured meat
Question
The following statements are either true or false. Tick the correct option, then justify it using words as they appear in the text.
1. Researchers believe that Generation Z has great economic importance.
True
False
Justification:
2. A specific group of Generation Z consumers took part in the survey.
True
False
Justification:
3. The people surveyed were asked about their backgrounds.
True
False
Justification:
4. Only a minority would be willing to eat laboratory-produced meat at present.
True
False
Justification:
Choose the correct answer.
5. Just under half of those questioned agreed that the important next step is to…
A. make animal rights and welfare the top priority.
B. make changes to the types of food we consume.
C. continue to examine the nutritional value of meat.
D. continue to look into producing meat substitutes.
6. Just over half of participants wondered whether traditional meat production might be…
A. damaging to the wellbeing of the animals.
B. replaced by new farming methods very soon.
C. having some sort of effect on the environment.
D. a more sustainable option than cultured meat.
To whom or to what do the underlined words refer? Answer using words as they appear in the text.
7. They discovered that… (paragraph 3)
8. …despite their lack of enthusiasm… (paragraph 4)
9. …believed it could be… (paragraph 4)
10. …they were determined… (paragraph 6)
Choose the appropriate words from the list that complete each gap in the following text.
According to the research, 17% of participants stated that they would consume only [ – 11 – ]. 11% of participants were in favour of rejecting all possible varieties of [ – 12 – ]. On the other hand, 35% of those questioned would eat [ – 13 – ] because they were more natural. Another 28% said they might eat [ – 14 – ] depending on whether it was produced in a way that was acceptable to them.
| 11. [ – 11 – ] | A. products containing chemicals B. heavily processed meat C. artificial meat D. meat products E. traditionally farmed meat F. fruits and vegetables G. insect-based products H. plant-based substitutes |
| 12. [ – 12 – ] | |
| 13. [ – 13 – ] | |
| 14. [ – 14 – ] |
Answer
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. B – “make changes to the types of food we consume.”
Why other options are incorrect
6. C – “having some sort of effect on the environment.”
Why other options are incorrect
7. Target answer: researchers
Accept: the researchers
Do not accept:
scientists
researcher
8. Target answer: (72% of) respondents
Accept: the respondents
Do not accept:
respondent
Generation Z
9. Target answer: the new meat alternative
Accept:
cultured meat
lab-grown meat
new meat alternative
Do not accept:
new meat
new meat alternatives
meat alternatives
10. Target answer: some respondents
11. E – “traditionally farmed meat”
12. D – “meat products”
13. H – “plant-based substitutes”
14. C – “artificial meat”
Question 8
Microchips and drones: Kenyan conservationists’ high-tech fight against poachers
Kenyan wildlife officials are planning to implant microchips into the horns of every rhino in the country in order to combat poaching. It’s hoped that the chips will not only allow the rhinos to be more effectively monitored, but that the ability to track horns individually will help crack down on illegal smuggling and provide evidence for prosecutors. “With poachers getting more sophisticated in their approach it is vital that conservation efforts embrace the use of more sophisticated technology to counter the killing of wildlife”, said the Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS).
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has donated chips and five scanners for the project at a cost of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings, but tracking and fitting the devices in the country’s 1,000 plus rhino population will cost much more than this.
Poaching in Kenya has increased significantly in recent years, with hunters targeting elephants as well as rhinos. Since the beginning of 2013 poachers have killed 34 rhinos, a 17 per cent increase from the whole of 2012 and in August this year a rhino was even killed in Nairobi’s national park, one of the most guarded sites in the country.
The demand for rhino horns comes mainly from other countries where people believe the horn to be an effective medicine. Rhino horns are made from keratin, the same material as human fingernails and hair, and although the animals can survive having their horn chopped off, poachers often kill them to make the collection of the horn easier. The KWS has said that the project’s success would not only safeguard Kenya’s rhino population but help combat the groups of organized criminals that profit from the illegal trade and secure Kenya’s economically vital tourism industry.
Other high-tech conservation efforts in Kenya include a project launched last year by Google and the WWF using drones to track endangered species including rhinos and elephants. A $5 million grant from Google’s Global Impact Award program is funding the operation, with conservationists controlling autonomous aircraft with tablet computers. Although the drones’ intended use was to provide aerial coverage, it’s been reported that they have a secondary use in herding elephants away from danger—be that poachers or areas where conflict with humans is possible. Wildlife researchers believe that the elephants confuse the buzzing noise produced by the drones for a swarm of bees, and run away whenever they hear the devices approaching.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. In Kenya…
A. all rhinos have been implanted with microchips.
B. prosecutors have tracked rhino horn smugglers.
C. conservationists are encouraged to adopt new technologies.
D. poachers are not developing their hunting techniques.
2. The role of The World Wildlife Fund is to…
A. track the whole rhino population of Kenya.
B. make a donation of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings.
C. provide the technology for tracking rhinos.
D. donate enough money to microchip all rhinos.
3. Choose the three true statements.
A. Illegal hunting has been rising dramatically.
B. Rhino numbers rose by 17% between 2012 and 2013.
C. Despite security, poachers are operating in national parks.
D. Most of the poached rhino horns are sent abroad.
E. Rhinos die if their horns are removed.
F. Many poachers kill rhinos after their horns are removed.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraph 4.
4. The search for effective medicine explains…
5. Combatting organized crime will protect tourism and…
6. One motive of poachers is to…
Choose the appropriate word from the list that completes each gap in the following text.
The article discusses a high-tech project involving drones to [ – 7 – ] animals at risk. The drones can take photographs from the air, but they can also [ – 8 – ] elephants away from dangerous areas. Researchers think that the elephants [ – 9 – ] the sound made by the drones for a swarm of insects, and [ – 10 – ] whenever they hear the machines arrive.
| [ – 7 – ] | A. flee B. feed C. mistake D. fight E. chase F. transport G. fear H. monitor |
| [ – 8 – ] | |
| [ – 9 – ] | |
| [ – 10 – ] |
Answer
1. C. conservationists are encouraged to adopt new technologies.
2. C. provide the technology for tracking rhinos.
3. A, C, D (in any order)
A. Illegal hunting has been rising dramatically.
C. Despite security, poachers are operating in national parks.
D. Most of the poached rhino horns are sent abroad.
4. Target answer: the demand for rhino horns
5. Target answer: (safeguard) Kenya’s rhino population
6. profit from the illegal trade
7. H. monitor
8. E. chase
9. C. mistake
10. A. flee
Question 9
Be our guest: Welcome to London’s greenest hotel
The opening of The Corner London City in Aldgate last autumn brought something different to this part of east London. Formerly the Qbic, transformed from a derelict office block into an eco-minded hotel, the rebrand brings changes, both architectural—knocking down walls to create an open-plan space— and sustainable, with multiple measures taken to give the hotel an even greener lease of life. I’m keen to learn how green a 183-room urban hotel can really be.
The hotel’s greenery is in good hands. French manager Mohamed Mezaga is passionate about plants. He’s so green-fingered, the hotel’s gardener even turns to him for tips, he adds with a smile. He explains how he takes cuttings from existing plants to add to the growing collection. Some guests ask to take the plants from their room home or even bring in their own, less-pampered versions for the hotel to tend. Mohamed plans to install beehives on the rooftop, with 250 plants and flowers for the bees to feed on, so expect sweet, home-harvested honey on future menus and in cocktails.
The hotel’s dazzling eco achievements are colourfully illustrated on a wall near the lift. The Corner produces 67 per cent fewer CO2 emissions than the UK industry average, thanks to sensor LED lighting and 40 solar panels tucked up on the roof. Not only that, but they use 41 per cent less water due to airdrop shower heads, which mix air with water to reduce consumption by 25 per cent, plus water filtration, among other measures. They’re currently awaiting confirmation of B Corp status, a stringent certification that measures a company’s social and environmental performance.
What’s also different here from any other hotel I have stayed in is that everyone multitasks. It’s part of the hotel’s ethos, meaning increased skill sets for all and includes English lessons for foreign-born cleaners, on the house. As a guest, it feels homely to have the same person who checked you in bringing you your dinner.
Each room is different, but all share a similar theme: locally sourced fixtures and fittings and ingenious sleeping/bathing pods that take a nifty, time-saving six hours to assemble. Much of the furniture is made by Dutch designer Sander Bokkinga, who uses reclaimed wood for clothes stands and old hosepipes twisted into funky lamps. So far, so good for the planet. Thirsty? There are glass bottles of filtered water. There’s also a recycling bin—all plastic, paper and glass is recycled—and organic toiletries in reusable containers. And, of course, plenty of plants. The effect is relaxing, energizing and impressive. It silently raises the question: why aren’t all hotels trying this hard? Whichever room type you stay in, choose not to get it cleaned and you’ll be handed a £5 voucher for a drink at the bar. If that’s not an incentive to be eco-friendly, I don’t know what is.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. What does the text tell us about the hotel building?
A. It is in a rural location.
B. It is unlike other local buildings.
C. It has been painted green.
D. It has office space within it.
Find the word or phrase in paragraph 1 which means the following:
2. previously
3. abandoned
4. structural
5. city
Answer the following questions.
6. Who does the gardener ask for advice?
7. How does the manager increase the greenery in the hotel?
8. Who asks the hotel to care for their neglected plants?
9. What special ingredient could soon be produced on the roof?
10. Choose the four true statements.
A. To reduce power consumption, the hotel does not have lifts.
B. The lights in the hotel only come on when needed.
C. The hotel has already obtained a B Corp certificate.
D. Hotel staff learn to adapt to many different roles.
E. Cleaners must pay for their English tuition.
F. Guest rooms at the hotel are built very quickly.
G. The hotel furniture is created by various local designers.
H. The hotel offers bottled water to its guests.
Choose the correct answer.
11. What does the writer think of this new type of hotel?
A. It should not need to be certified.
B. More hotels should follow its example.
C. It is very similar to another eco-friendly chain.
D. Receptionists should not be serving food.
12. Overall, the writer feels that more hotels should…
A. reduce their carbon footprint.
B. use designer furniture.
C. offer free drinks at the bar.
D. repurpose abandoned buildings
Answer
1. B. It is unlike other local buildings.
Why others are incorrect:
2. Target answer: formerly
3. Target answer: derelict
4. Target answer: architectural
5. Target answer: urban
6. Target answer: (French) manager Mohamed Mezaga
Accept: Reference must be made to either the ‘manager’ or ‘Mezaga’ for the mark to be awarded.
Do not accept: With the addition of ‘is passionate about plants’
7. Target answer: (He) takes cuttings (from existing plants to add to the collection).
Accept: Accept other wording with the same meaning
8. Target answer: Some guests
Accept: Accept other wording with the same meaning
Do not accept: ‘guests’ without ‘some’
9. Target answer: (Sweet) home-harvested honey
10. B, D, F, H (in any order)
B. The lights in the hotel only come on when needed.
D. Hotel staff learn to adapt to many different roles.
F. Guest rooms at the hotel are built very quickly.
H. The hotel offers bottled water to its guests.
Why others are incorrect:
11. B. More hotels should follow its example.
Why others are incorrect:
12. A. reduce their carbon footprint.
Why others are incorrect:
Question 1
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are a member of a local environmental organization. Six months ago, the organization introduced new actions to reduce water usage in the community, and the board of the organization wants to know how successful these have been so far. Write a text in which you explain the actions taken, evaluate their effectiveness, and suggest the next steps.
| Letter | Report | Social media posting |
Question 2
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
You are concerned that too many people are buying pets these days without understanding the responsibilities involved. You want to share your thoughts about this issue with other animal lovers. Write a text in which you reflect on why this is happening, explain the problems this can lead to, and what one should consider before keeping a pet.
| Blog | News report | Opinion column |
Question 3
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
Starting next month, your local council will introduce a law banning the use of all disposable plastic in your city. You want to help other students at your school prepare for this change. Write a text in which you explain why the law is being introduced, how the law will affect young people’s day-to-day experience, and what you can all do to prepare for this change.
| Guildlines | Review | Speech |
Question 4
Use an appropriate text type from the options below the task you choose. Write 450 to 600 words.
A building of great cultural significance has fallen into a state of neglect. The local council is now proposing to demolish it and replace it with a public park. You want to stop the council from going ahead with this plan. Write a text in which you explain why you oppose the demolition, suggest an alternative use for the building, and justify why your suggestion would be more useful for the community.
| | Letter to the Editor | Set of guidelines |
Question 5
4 Ways to Spot Greenwashing
Finding the truth behind labels on your favorite beauty product or health food isn’t always easy. Now that the marketplace is seeing more environmentally-friendly products, companies are using just about every expression possible to convince consumers to buy their products. “Greenwashing” is a term that’s used to describe when companies use misleading marketing terms to persuade potential customers that their products are safer, or more natural than they really are. But, how can you spot it?
[ – 3 – ]
Avoid buying products that have a strong scent and list “fragrance” on the ingredient list. Fragrances are protected by trade secrets and can contain hundreds of chemicals. Any company which doesn’t fully disclose the contents of their fragrances should not label their products as “natural”, or “organic”. Please note that companies can use essential oils to scent their products, but they should label them accordingly.
[ – 4 – ]
Double-check the ingredient list of products to confirm how much of the product is actually organic. Since organic foods are healthier, many people assume that all organic products are healthier, but that’s not always the case. Beauty products may use certified organic raw ingredients (like coconut oil), but the rest of the ingredient list could be full of artificial chemicals.
[ – 5 – ]
How green can your company really be if the carbon footprint of each product is excessive? Case in point, one company I love makes plant-based protein. Their veggie burger looks delicious but is packed in excessive plastic, paper and cardboard. Being “green” isn’t just about what’s inside the box, it’s also about how the product is stored and shipped.
[ – 6 – ]
For beauty products, check to see how they rate on the handy Skin Deep database created by the Environmental Working Group. This scores common beauty products, helping consumers to effortlessly navigate a complicated marketplace and understand what is safe and what is not. You’ll notice several brands that are marketing themselves as “natural” have items that rank 7–10 on the hazard scale. I aim only to buy those that score 3 or less.
I hope these simple tips help you. Feel free to ask me questions if you’re particularly stumped, and always hold companies accountable for truth and transparency in their labeling.
Question
Answer the following questions.
1. According to the writer, what trend has caused companies to turn to greenwashing?
2. Which phrase in paragraph 1 suggests that companies distort the truth about their products?
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 3. [ – 3 – ] | A. Excessive Packaging B. Fake Organic Products C. Organic Marketing Claims D. Follow Your Nose E. Misleading Ratings F. Trust the Research Findings G. Unlicensed Ingredients H. Unnecessary Transportation |
| 4. [ – 4 – ] | |
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] |
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 2–4.
7. Treat with great caution any company that…
8. According to the writer, it is a mistake to think that…
9. A truly “green” product is more than…
10. Choose the three true statements.
A. The Skin Deep database shows consumers which natural ingredients are used in beauty products.
B. The writer thinks the database is easy for consumers to use.
C. The database shows which stores sell the best products.
D. Most beauty products aim to achieve a score higher than 7 on the database.
E. A number of brands are selling products classified as unsafe.
F. The writer will help consumers if they have more questions about greenwashing.
Question 6
Why Kids Need to Spend Time in Nature
As the suburbs continue to expand, nature is parcelled off more, and kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard, let alone jump the fence into a neighbor’s yard or walk in the woods. Moreover, for kids who are growing up with multiplayer video games and social media accounts, indoor activities can seem more sociable and even safer.
Most studies agree that kids who play outside are happier and more attentive. They appear less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how mood improvements occur, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good for your kids’ minds.
It improves personal decision-making
The way that kids play outdoors has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play. There are infinite ways to interact with nature and letting your child choose how they treat nature means they have the power to control their own actions.
It stimulates creativity
This unstructured style of play will soon have kids responding to their surroundings. They will be able to use their imagination, improvise their own activities, and approach the world in more inventive ways.
It teaches responsible behaviour
Living things die if mistreated or not taken care of properly and entrusting a child to take care of the living parts of the environment means they’ll learn what happens when they forget to water a plant or pull a flower out by its roots.
[ – 5 – ]
Nature may seem less inspiring than your child’s violent video game, but in reality, it activates more senses—they can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments. As the young spend less and less of their lives in natural surroundings, their senses narrow, and this reduces the richness of human experience.
[ – 6 – ]
Most ways of interacting with nature involve more exercise than sitting on the couch. Your kid doesn’t have to be joining the local soccer team or riding a bike through the park—even going for a walk will get their blood pumping.
[ – 7 – ]
Nature creates a unique sense of wonder for kids that no other environment can provide. The phenomena that occur naturally in backyards and parks every day make kids ask questions.
[ – 8 – ]
In natural environments, we practice an effortless type of attention known as “soft fascination” that creates feelings of pleasure and peacefulness, not tiredness and boredom.
So, while screen time might be the easier, more popular choice for your children, it’s important to set aside time for outdoor play
Question
1. Choose the four true statements.
A. The selling of land close to cities is now subject to greater regulation.
B. Nowadays, yards and woods have lost their appeal to children.
C. Children are more likely to spend time in a yard than in the woods.
D. Most researchers dispute the link between happiness and playing outdoors.
E. Research suggests that children who play outdoors have fewer personal insecurities.
F. There is no longer any doubt as to why nature makes children feel better.
G. When children play outside, they are less constrained by a set of rules.
H. Parents should still be in control when their children play outdoors.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraphs 3–5.
2. Once out of the home, a child has many…
3. Outdoors, children play more creatively and, therefore, can use their environment…
4. Children soon learn that plants and animals cannot survive…
Choose an appropriate heading from the list that completes each gap in the text.
| 5. [ – 5 – ] | A. It presents new possibilities B. It aids wellbeing C. It stimulates spontaneity D. It generates curiosity E. It teaches self-discipline F. It builds confidence G. It replaces indifference with serenity H. It gives a sense of security |
| 6. [ – 6 – ] | |
| 7. [ – 7 – ] | |
| 8. [ – 8 – ] |
Choose the correct answer.
9. The writer concludes by saying that…
A. children should not spend time in front of screens.
B. children should look after the natural world better than at present.
C. children should spend equal amounts of time outside and online.
D. children should spend some of their free time outside the house
Question 7
Generation Z not ready to eat lab-grown meat: study
People born between 1995 and 2015 now number two billion globally and scientists say that these Generation Z consumers are a force to be reckoned with.
Consequently, researchers questioned 227 randomly selected people born between 1995 and 2015. The respondents were asked questions about their demographics, dietary preferences (such as how often they liked to eat meat), and how they felt about cultured meat. They were also asked whether they thought it was necessary to accept and consume different meat alternatives (such as insects, plantbased and cultured meat).
They discovered that 72% of respondents were not yet ready to consume cultured meat, defined in the survey as a labgrown meat alternative made from animal cells, instead of slaughtered animals.
However, despite their lack of enthusiasm for the new meat alternative, 41% believed it could be a viable nutritional source because of the need to transition to more sustainable food options and improve animal welfare.
59% of participants were concerned about the environmental impact of traditional livestock farming; however they were not clear what specific effects it was having.
The researchers noted that some respondents viewed cultured meat as a conspiracy orchestrated by the rich and powerful and they were determined not to be deceived by it.
Several participants were also unsure whether cultured meat was truly a long-term environmentally-friendly option.
In summary, it was found that the respondents were effectively divided into two groups: the “against” described cultured meat as “another thing our generation has to worry about” while supporters described it as “money invested for a good cause” by people who are “advanced thinkers”.
What’s your beef? Generation Z’s attitudes towards cultured meat
Question
The following statements are either true or false. Tick the correct option, then justify it using words as they appear in the text.
1. Researchers believe that Generation Z has great economic importance.
True
False
Justification:
2. A specific group of Generation Z consumers took part in the survey.
True
False
Justification:
3. The people surveyed were asked about their backgrounds.
True
False
Justification:
4. Only a minority would be willing to eat laboratory-produced meat at present.
True
False
Justification:
Choose the correct answer.
5. Just under half of those questioned agreed that the important next step is to…
A. make animal rights and welfare the top priority.
B. make changes to the types of food we consume.
C. continue to examine the nutritional value of meat.
D. continue to look into producing meat substitutes.
6. Just over half of participants wondered whether traditional meat production might be…
A. damaging to the wellbeing of the animals.
B. replaced by new farming methods very soon.
C. having some sort of effect on the environment.
D. a more sustainable option than cultured meat.
To whom or to what do the underlined words refer? Answer using words as they appear in the text.
7. They discovered that… (paragraph 3)
8. …despite their lack of enthusiasm… (paragraph 4)
9. …believed it could be… (paragraph 4)
10. …they were determined… (paragraph 6)
Choose the appropriate words from the list that complete each gap in the following text.
According to the research, 17% of participants stated that they would consume only [ – 11 – ]. 11% of participants were in favour of rejecting all possible varieties of [ – 12 – ]. On the other hand, 35% of those questioned would eat [ – 13 – ] because they were more natural. Another 28% said they might eat [ – 14 – ] depending on whether it was produced in a way that was acceptable to them.
| 11. [ – 11 – ] | A. products containing chemicals B. heavily processed meat C. artificial meat D. meat products E. traditionally farmed meat F. fruits and vegetables G. insect-based products H. plant-based substitutes |
| 12. [ – 12 – ] | |
| 13. [ – 13 – ] | |
| 14. [ – 14 – ] |
Question 8
Microchips and drones: Kenyan conservationists’ high-tech fight against poachers
Kenyan wildlife officials are planning to implant microchips into the horns of every rhino in the country in order to combat poaching. It’s hoped that the chips will not only allow the rhinos to be more effectively monitored, but that the ability to track horns individually will help crack down on illegal smuggling and provide evidence for prosecutors. “With poachers getting more sophisticated in their approach it is vital that conservation efforts embrace the use of more sophisticated technology to counter the killing of wildlife”, said the Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS).
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has donated chips and five scanners for the project at a cost of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings, but tracking and fitting the devices in the country’s 1,000 plus rhino population will cost much more than this.
Poaching in Kenya has increased significantly in recent years, with hunters targeting elephants as well as rhinos. Since the beginning of 2013 poachers have killed 34 rhinos, a 17 per cent increase from the whole of 2012 and in August this year a rhino was even killed in Nairobi’s national park, one of the most guarded sites in the country.
The demand for rhino horns comes mainly from other countries where people believe the horn to be an effective medicine. Rhino horns are made from keratin, the same material as human fingernails and hair, and although the animals can survive having their horn chopped off, poachers often kill them to make the collection of the horn easier. The KWS has said that the project’s success would not only safeguard Kenya’s rhino population but help combat the groups of organized criminals that profit from the illegal trade and secure Kenya’s economically vital tourism industry.
Other high-tech conservation efforts in Kenya include a project launched last year by Google and the WWF using drones to track endangered species including rhinos and elephants. A $5 million grant from Google’s Global Impact Award program is funding the operation, with conservationists controlling autonomous aircraft with tablet computers. Although the drones’ intended use was to provide aerial coverage, it’s been reported that they have a secondary use in herding elephants away from danger—be that poachers or areas where conflict with humans is possible. Wildlife researchers believe that the elephants confuse the buzzing noise produced by the drones for a swarm of bees, and run away whenever they hear the devices approaching.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. In Kenya…
A. all rhinos have been implanted with microchips.
B. prosecutors have tracked rhino horn smugglers.
C. conservationists are encouraged to adopt new technologies.
D. poachers are not developing their hunting techniques.
2. The role of The World Wildlife Fund is to…
A. track the whole rhino population of Kenya.
B. make a donation of 1.3 million Kenyan shillings.
C. provide the technology for tracking rhinos.
D. donate enough money to microchip all rhinos.
3. Choose the three true statements.
A. Illegal hunting has been rising dramatically.
B. Rhino numbers rose by 17% between 2012 and 2013.
C. Despite security, poachers are operating in national parks.
D. Most of the poached rhino horns are sent abroad.
E. Rhinos die if their horns are removed.
F. Many poachers kill rhinos after their horns are removed.
Find the words that complete the following sentences. Answer using the words as they appear in paragraph 4.
4. The search for effective medicine explains…
5. Combatting organized crime will protect tourism and…
6. One motive of poachers is to…
Choose the appropriate word from the list that completes each gap in the following text.
The article discusses a high-tech project involving drones to [ – 7 – ] animals at risk. The drones can take photographs from the air, but they can also [ – 8 – ] elephants away from dangerous areas. Researchers think that the elephants [ – 9 – ] the sound made by the drones for a swarm of insects, and [ – 10 – ] whenever they hear the machines arrive.
| [ – 7 – ] | A. flee B. feed C. mistake D. fight E. chase F. transport G. fear H. monitor |
| [ – 8 – ] | |
| [ – 9 – ] | |
| [ – 10 – ] |
Question 9
Be our guest: Welcome to London’s greenest hotel
The opening of The Corner London City in Aldgate last autumn brought something different to this part of east London. Formerly the Qbic, transformed from a derelict office block into an eco-minded hotel, the rebrand brings changes, both architectural—knocking down walls to create an open-plan space— and sustainable, with multiple measures taken to give the hotel an even greener lease of life. I’m keen to learn how green a 183-room urban hotel can really be.
The hotel’s greenery is in good hands. French manager Mohamed Mezaga is passionate about plants. He’s so green-fingered, the hotel’s gardener even turns to him for tips, he adds with a smile. He explains how he takes cuttings from existing plants to add to the growing collection. Some guests ask to take the plants from their room home or even bring in their own, less-pampered versions for the hotel to tend. Mohamed plans to install beehives on the rooftop, with 250 plants and flowers for the bees to feed on, so expect sweet, home-harvested honey on future menus and in cocktails.
The hotel’s dazzling eco achievements are colourfully illustrated on a wall near the lift. The Corner produces 67 per cent fewer CO2 emissions than the UK industry average, thanks to sensor LED lighting and 40 solar panels tucked up on the roof. Not only that, but they use 41 per cent less water due to airdrop shower heads, which mix air with water to reduce consumption by 25 per cent, plus water filtration, among other measures. They’re currently awaiting confirmation of B Corp status, a stringent certification that measures a company’s social and environmental performance.
What’s also different here from any other hotel I have stayed in is that everyone multitasks. It’s part of the hotel’s ethos, meaning increased skill sets for all and includes English lessons for foreign-born cleaners, on the house. As a guest, it feels homely to have the same person who checked you in bringing you your dinner.
Each room is different, but all share a similar theme: locally sourced fixtures and fittings and ingenious sleeping/bathing pods that take a nifty, time-saving six hours to assemble. Much of the furniture is made by Dutch designer Sander Bokkinga, who uses reclaimed wood for clothes stands and old hosepipes twisted into funky lamps. So far, so good for the planet. Thirsty? There are glass bottles of filtered water. There’s also a recycling bin—all plastic, paper and glass is recycled—and organic toiletries in reusable containers. And, of course, plenty of plants. The effect is relaxing, energizing and impressive. It silently raises the question: why aren’t all hotels trying this hard? Whichever room type you stay in, choose not to get it cleaned and you’ll be handed a £5 voucher for a drink at the bar. If that’s not an incentive to be eco-friendly, I don’t know what is.
Question
Choose the correct answer.
1. What does the text tell us about the hotel building?
A. It is in a rural location.
B. It is unlike other local buildings.
C. It has been painted green.
D. It has office space within it.
Find the word or phrase in paragraph 1 which means the following:
2. previously
3. abandoned
4. structural
5. city
Answer the following questions.
6. Who does the gardener ask for advice?
7. How does the manager increase the greenery in the hotel?
8. Who asks the hotel to care for their neglected plants?
9. What special ingredient could soon be produced on the roof?
10. Choose the four true statements.
A. To reduce power consumption, the hotel does not have lifts.
B. The lights in the hotel only come on when needed.
C. The hotel has already obtained a B Corp certificate.
D. Hotel staff learn to adapt to many different roles.
E. Cleaners must pay for their English tuition.
F. Guest rooms at the hotel are built very quickly.
G. The hotel furniture is created by various local designers.
H. The hotel offers bottled water to its guests.
Choose the correct answer.
11. What does the writer think of this new type of hotel?
A. It should not need to be certified.
B. More hotels should follow its example.
C. It is very similar to another eco-friendly chain.
D. Receptionists should not be serving food.
12. Overall, the writer feels that more hotels should…
A. reduce their carbon footprint.
B. use designer furniture.
C. offer free drinks at the bar.
D. repurpose abandoned buildings
